The prints of human civilization which generated as early as some five millions years have been found in the eastern part of the southern and this eastern territories of Rajasthan. This civilization relates to the people who existed nearly one millions years ago in the territories by the side of the rivers Gambhiri,Banas, Berach who used to hunt with the weaponary of stone age and were in the habit of using stone made articles. The prints of stone age civilization have also been found near river Chambal and some other rivers.
The three stone age cultures as traceable in Rajasthan are (1) Early Stone Age, (2) Mid-Stone Age and (3) Post Stone Age.(1) Early Stone Age : In this stage of human civilization man was in the habit of using many type of tools made of stone.This culture flourished on he bank of several rivers and their tributaries of Rajasthan traces of which have been found in the districts of Ajmer, Alwar, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Jaipur, Jhalawar, Jodhpur, Jalore, Pali, Tonk etc.(2) Mid-Stone Age : The second stage of human development in Rajasthan is about 50 thousand years old. The tools of this page are largely identified as scramer and pointed tools. Such tools have been found in valleys of Luni river and its tributaries,valley of Bairach river in the Chittorgarh district and also in Viratnagar. Till this age, mankind had no knowledge of domestication of cattles for agricultural activities.(3) Post-Stone Age : The Third stage of human development is 10 thousand years old, the post-stone age. The tools of this age were found in the excavations of Bagaur in Udaipur and Tilwara in Marwar. The excavations of Ganeshwar (Sikar), Aahar(Udaipur), Gilund(Udaipur) and Kalibanga(Shriganganagar) not only brought to light the representative materials of copper stone age but also that of copper age which in turn provides enough information about the ancient civilization as developed and flourished in Rajasthan.
A large rigion was covered under the famous Indus Valley Civilization. The remains of Pilibanga, Kalibanga, Rangmahal etc. as discovered in Rajasthan indicate that Indus Valley Civilization.
Kalibanga Civilization : The excavation of Kalibanga was done under the supervision of Sri B.K. Thapar and Sri B.B. Lal. Kalibanga Civilization developed and flourished near river Saraswati. River Saraswati used to flow in Ganganagar district formerly but has now altogether vanished. Most archaeologists fully agree with the view that the prehistoric remains of Mohanjodaro period are scattered over Jodhpur, Bikaner and Jaipur districts. Saindhava script was used by the people of this period which was written from right to left.Aahar Civilization : The excavation work of Aahar civilization was done under the direction of Dr. H.D. Sankalia. About 4000 years old Aahar civilization was spread all over the near vicinity of river Aahar in Udaipur district. This civilization flourished on the banks of rivers Banas and Bairach in Udaipur, Gambhiri and Wagan in Chittorgrah, Khari and Kothari in Bhilwara upto Ajmer. Copper was largely used in Aahar civilization as also utensils of black brown and red colours were in common use. Rice was known to the people of this civilization whose economy was chiefly based upon domestication of cattles. The house were made of pucca bricks.
Ganeshwar Civilization : The remains of Ganeshwar civilization are situated in Neem-Ka-Thana tehsil of Sikar district as the point of origin of river Kantli. The civilization is about 2800 years old and is probably the oldest one as per the dates be available from the recordsof the cultural centres of copper age. This civilizatiion was spread over from Sikar to Jhunjhunu, Jaipur and Bharatpur.
Pind Padlia(Chittorgarh), Jharol(Udaipur), Kurada(Nagaur), Sabnia and Poogal(Bikaner), Nandlalpura, Kirarot and Chauthvari(Jaipur), Aelana(Jalore), Budha Pushkar(Ajmer), Kol-Maholi(Sawai Madhopur), Malah(Bharatpur) etc. Were notable ancient places of copper age civilization.
Aryan Civilization : The clay pots as found in the course of the excavations of Anupgarh and Tarkhanwala Dera are indicative of the presence of Aryan civilization in Rajasthan. It is worth noting that the seventh part of the Rigveda was written on the banks of river Saraswati. Excavations show that people of this age were perfect in the different uses of iron. Jodhpura, Noh (Bharatpur), Viratnagar(Jaipur) and Sunari in Jhunjhunu are the important places Where the excavations brought to light the traces of Aryan civilization in Rajasthan. The Mahabharata Age : During the Mahabharata period, north eastern Rajasthan was highly developed. The excavation of Bairath near Alwar and Noh near Bharatpur disclosed that the
social life became highly developed at these places during this period. The whole of Rajasthan except for Jaisalmer and Barmer had started developing into different cities and towns by the begining of Kushan period. The excavation of Bhinmal(Jalore), Sambhar(Jaipur), Nainwa(Tonk), Raidh (Tonk),Nagri(Chittoregarh), Rangmahal(Ganganagar), Noh(Bharatpur), Bairath(Jaipur) etc. have brought to light the remains of many centuries before christ which go to prove the ancient character of these places.
The three stone age cultures as traceable in Rajasthan are (1) Early Stone Age, (2) Mid-Stone Age and (3) Post Stone Age.(1) Early Stone Age : In this stage of human civilization man was in the habit of using many type of tools made of stone.This culture flourished on he bank of several rivers and their tributaries of Rajasthan traces of which have been found in the districts of Ajmer, Alwar, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Jaipur, Jhalawar, Jodhpur, Jalore, Pali, Tonk etc.(2) Mid-Stone Age : The second stage of human development in Rajasthan is about 50 thousand years old. The tools of this page are largely identified as scramer and pointed tools. Such tools have been found in valleys of Luni river and its tributaries,valley of Bairach river in the Chittorgarh district and also in Viratnagar. Till this age, mankind had no knowledge of domestication of cattles for agricultural activities.(3) Post-Stone Age : The Third stage of human development is 10 thousand years old, the post-stone age. The tools of this age were found in the excavations of Bagaur in Udaipur and Tilwara in Marwar. The excavations of Ganeshwar (Sikar), Aahar(Udaipur), Gilund(Udaipur) and Kalibanga(Shriganganagar) not only brought to light the representative materials of copper stone age but also that of copper age which in turn provides enough information about the ancient civilization as developed and flourished in Rajasthan.
A large rigion was covered under the famous Indus Valley Civilization. The remains of Pilibanga, Kalibanga, Rangmahal etc. as discovered in Rajasthan indicate that Indus Valley Civilization.
Kalibanga Civilization : The excavation of Kalibanga was done under the supervision of Sri B.K. Thapar and Sri B.B. Lal. Kalibanga Civilization developed and flourished near river Saraswati. River Saraswati used to flow in Ganganagar district formerly but has now altogether vanished. Most archaeologists fully agree with the view that the prehistoric remains of Mohanjodaro period are scattered over Jodhpur, Bikaner and Jaipur districts. Saindhava script was used by the people of this period which was written from right to left.Aahar Civilization : The excavation work of Aahar civilization was done under the direction of Dr. H.D. Sankalia. About 4000 years old Aahar civilization was spread all over the near vicinity of river Aahar in Udaipur district. This civilization flourished on the banks of rivers Banas and Bairach in Udaipur, Gambhiri and Wagan in Chittorgrah, Khari and Kothari in Bhilwara upto Ajmer. Copper was largely used in Aahar civilization as also utensils of black brown and red colours were in common use. Rice was known to the people of this civilization whose economy was chiefly based upon domestication of cattles. The house were made of pucca bricks.
Ganeshwar Civilization : The remains of Ganeshwar civilization are situated in Neem-Ka-Thana tehsil of Sikar district as the point of origin of river Kantli. The civilization is about 2800 years old and is probably the oldest one as per the dates be available from the recordsof the cultural centres of copper age. This civilizatiion was spread over from Sikar to Jhunjhunu, Jaipur and Bharatpur.
Pind Padlia(Chittorgarh), Jharol(Udaipur), Kurada(Nagaur), Sabnia and Poogal(Bikaner), Nandlalpura, Kirarot and Chauthvari(Jaipur), Aelana(Jalore), Budha Pushkar(Ajmer), Kol-Maholi(Sawai Madhopur), Malah(Bharatpur) etc. Were notable ancient places of copper age civilization.
Aryan Civilization : The clay pots as found in the course of the excavations of Anupgarh and Tarkhanwala Dera are indicative of the presence of Aryan civilization in Rajasthan. It is worth noting that the seventh part of the Rigveda was written on the banks of river Saraswati. Excavations show that people of this age were perfect in the different uses of iron. Jodhpura, Noh (Bharatpur), Viratnagar(Jaipur) and Sunari in Jhunjhunu are the important places Where the excavations brought to light the traces of Aryan civilization in Rajasthan. The Mahabharata Age : During the Mahabharata period, north eastern Rajasthan was highly developed. The excavation of Bairath near Alwar and Noh near Bharatpur disclosed that the
social life became highly developed at these places during this period. The whole of Rajasthan except for Jaisalmer and Barmer had started developing into different cities and towns by the begining of Kushan period. The excavation of Bhinmal(Jalore), Sambhar(Jaipur), Nainwa(Tonk), Raidh (Tonk),Nagri(Chittoregarh), Rangmahal(Ganganagar), Noh(Bharatpur), Bairath(Jaipur) etc. have brought to light the remains of many centuries before christ which go to prove the ancient character of these places.